<!-- ..... -->
Specifies a comment. Anything between these tags will be
skipped by the browser.
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC
"-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 //EN">
This is the necessary first element of any HTML 3.2
compliant document.
<HTML>.....<
/HTML>
Encloses the entire document.
<HEAD>.....<
/HEAD>
Encloses the head of the document. The following optional
tags are placed inside the head.
<TITLE>.....<
/TITLE>
Indicates the title of the document that is used
as the window caption. This is the second of the
two required tags for any HTML 3.2 compliant
document.
<BASE
href="http://some.network/file.html">
Specifies the base URL of the document. This is
used when dereferencing relative URLs in the
page.
<BASE
href="http://some.net/file.html"
TARGET="...">
Also specifies the base target frame that all
links will default to. See the LINK tag for
possible values used in TARGET.
<META attribut1
attribute2>
This element can be used to specify name/value
pairs describing various properties of the
document. Below are some examples:
To have your page automatically reloaded every X
seconds, use the following:
<META
HTTP-EQUIV="REFRESH" CONTENT=X >
To have a different page automatically loaded
after X seconds, use the following:
<META
HTTP-EQUIV="REFRESH" CONTENT="X;
URL=http://some.address/file.html">
To specify an expiration date for the page so
that it will be reloaded after a certain date,
use:
<META
HTTP-EQUIV="Expires" CONTENT="Mon,
23 Sep 1996 01:21:00 GMT">
To specify keywords for certain search services
to use, do the following:
<META
HTTP-EQUIV="Keywords"
CONTENT="keyword1, keyword2, ...">
To specify a description of your page for certain
search services to use, do the following:
<META
HTTP-EQUIV="Description"
CONTENT="Describe your site
here....">
<LINK
attribute=" HREF="..." >
Currently this tag is not widely supported,
however in the future browsers will use a list of
these tags to generate a navigation bar for the
site. Without browser support, this tag can still
be useful for site maintenance.
Attributes:
REL="..."--Specifies
the type of relationship of the link to
this page. Possible values are:
"home", "toc" (table
of contents), "index",
"glossary",
"copyright",
"bookmark", "up",
"next", "previous",
and "help".
REV="..."--Used
instead of REL, this specifies a reverse
relationship from this page to the link.
Possible values are: "made"
(author, set HREF=email address) and all
the ones used in REL.
HREF="..."--Specifies
the address of the link.
TITLE="..."--Specifies
a title for the link.
<BODY
attribute1="..."
attribute2="...">.....< /BODY>
Encloses the main body of the document.
Attributes:
ALINK="..."--Specifies
the color of the activated links in the page.
BACKGROUND="..."--Specifies
an image to be tiled as background.
BGCOLOR="..."--Specifies
the background color.
BGPROPERTIES=FIXED--Fixes
the background image so that it doesn't scroll.
(IE)
LEFTMARGIN="n"--Specifies
the left margin for the entire page. (IE)
LINK="..."--Specifies
the color of the links in the page.
TEXT="..."--Specifies
the color of the text in the page.
TOPMARGIN="n"--Specifies
the top margin for the entire page. (IE)
VLINK="..."--Specifies
the color of the followed links in the page.
NOTE:Color is always expressed as RGB (Red
Green Blue), where each color has a value between
0 and 255 expressed in hex notation. For example,
BGCOLOR=#FFFF00 sets the background color to
yellow. For more information check out Colors of the Web.
<BASEFONT
attribute=">
Sets the default font properties for the entire page.
Attributes:
SIZE="..."--Sets
the size of the font to any number between 1 and
7 with 3 being default. Relative sizes also work,
e.g. SIZE=+2 .
COLOR="..."--Specifies
the default font color for the page.
Name="..."--Specifies
the typeface of the default font.
<Hn>...< /Hn>
Makes the enclosed text a heading of various sizes where
n is any number ranging from 1 to 6, and 1 creates the
biggest heading while 6 creates the smallest.
<ISINDEX>
Displays a text box indicating the presence of a
searchable index. Simply adding this tag will not create
a searchable page. The server must be set up to support
it.
Attributes:
ACTION="..."--Specifies
the location of the gateway program to which the
search string should be passed.
PROMPT="..."--Specifies
an alternate prompt for the text box.
Multimedia:
<IMG attribute1
attribute2>
Places an inline image into the document.
Attributes:
SRC="..."--Specifies
the URL of the image.
DYNSRC="..."--Specifies
the URL of a video clip or VRML world. An image
can also be specified first using SRC= to cover
for browsers that do not support videos. (IE)
CONTROLS--Adds a set of
controls under the video clip. (IE)
LOOP="n"--For
video clips, specifies the number of times to
loop the clip. A value of "-1" or
"INFINITE" makes it loop indefinitely.
(IE)
START="..."--Specifies
when the video clip should start playing.
Possible values are "FILEOPEN"
(default), "MOUSEOVER", or both.(IE)
USEMAP="#map1"
--Tells the browser that the image is a
client-side clickable image map defined under the
name "map1".
ISMAP --Tells the browser
that the image is a server-side clickable image
map.
ALT="..."--Specifies
a text string to be displayed on browsers that do
not support inline images.
BORDER="..."--Specifies
the width of the border drawn around the image.
If BORDER is set to "0", there will be
no border even around pictures that are links.
LOWSRC="..."--Specifies
the URL of an image to be loaded first, before
the image specified in SRC is loaded. LOWSRC
usually reefers to a smaller image.
ALIGN="..."--Specifies
the alignment of the image.
Values:
RIGHT or
LEFT--Aligns the image to the specified
side of the page, and all text is wrapped
around the image.
TOP, MIDDLE,
BOTTOM, TEXTTOP, ABSMIDDLE, BASELINE, and
ABSBOTTOM--Specifies the vertical
alignment of the image with other items
on the same line.
VSPACE="..."--Specifies
the space left between the edge of the image and
the items above or below it.
HSPACE="..."--Specifies
the space left between the edge of the image and
the items to the left or right of it.
WIDTH="..."--Specifies
the width of the image. If the width is not the
actual width, the image is scaled to fit.
HEIGHT="..."--Same
as above ,except it specifies the height of the
image.
<MAP
attribute>...< /MAP>
Specifies a collection of hot spots that define a
client-side image map. The AREA tag can be used inside to
define the hot spots.
Attributes:
NAME="..."--Specifies
the name of the map so that it can be referred to
later.
<AREA attribute1
attribute2>...< /AREA>
Specifies the shape and size of a hot spot to be used in
the definition of a client-side image map. Used inside
the MAP tag.
Attributes:
SHAPE="..."--Specifies
the shape of the hot spot. Possible values are
RECT, RECTANGLE, CIRC, CIRCLE, POLY, or POLYGON.
COORDS="..."--Specifies
the coordinates that define the hot spot's
position. Two pairs of coordinates are needed for
RECT, three or more pairs for POLY, and one pair
of coordinates and a radius for CIRC.
HREF="..."--Specifies
the URL that this hot spot points to.
NOHREF--Indicates that this
hot spot points to nothing.
TARGET="..."--Specifies
which window the link will be loaded into. The
target can be a name of a frame that you
specified in the FRAME tag or one of the
following:
Values:
"_blank"--Loads
the link into a new blank window.
"_parent"--Loads
the link into the immediate parent of the
document the link is in.
"_self"--Loads
the link into the same window. (default)
"_top"--Loads
the link into the full body of the
current window.
<BGSOUND attribute1
attribute2> (IE)
Specifies a background sound to be played whenever the
page is loaded. This "soundtrack" can be either
a sample (.wav or .au) or midi (.mid) file.
Attributes:
SRC="..."--Specifies
the URL of the sound to be played.
LOOP="n"--Specifies
the number of times the sound will loop. Values
of "-1" or "INFINITE" make
the sound loop indefinitely.
<MARQUEE attribute1
attribute2>...< /MARQUEE> (IE)
Places a scrolling text marquee into the document.
Attributes:
ALIGN="..."--
Possible values of "TOP",
"MIDDLE", or "BOTTOM".
Specifies the alignment of the text around the
marquee with respect to the marquee.
BEHAVIOR="..."--Possible
values of "SCROLL" (default),
"SLIDE", or "ALTERNATE".
Specifies the behavior of the marquee text.
"SCROLL" is the default,
"SLIDE" makes the text start from off
the screen and then stick, "ALTERNATE"
makes the text alternate back and forth
repeatedly.
BGCOLOR="..."--Specifies
the background color of the marquee.
DIRECTION="..."--Possible
values are "LEFT" (default) or
"RIGHT". Specifies the direction for
the text to scroll.
HEIGHT="..."--Specifies
the height of the marquee in number of pixels or
% of screen.
HSPACE="n"--Specifies
the left and right margins of the outside of the
marquee in pixels.
LOOP="n"--Specifies
the number of times the marquee will loop. Values
of "-1" or "INFINITE" make
the marquee loop indefinitely.
SCROLLAMOUNT="n"--Specifies
the number of pixels between each successive draw
of the marquee text.
SCROLLDELAY="n"--Specifies
the number of milliseconds between each
successive draw of the marquee text.
VSPACE="n"--Specifies
the top and bottom margin for the outside of the
marquee.
WIDTH="..."--Specifies
the width of the marquee either in pixel or in a
percentage of the screen.
<APPLET attribute1
attribute2> parameter1 parameter2 ... < /APPLET>
Inserts a Java applet in the HTML document. Any text
placed between the opening and closing APPLET tags will
be displayed by browsers that do not support JAVA.
Attributes:
ALIGN="..."--
Possible values of "LEFT",
"RIGHT", "TOP",
"MIDDLE", or "BOTTOM".
Specifies the alignment of the text around the
object with respect to the object.
ALT="..."--Specifies
the text to be displayed by browsers that
recognize the tag but cannot show applets.
CODE="..."--Specifies
the name of the Java applet.
CODEBASE="..."--Specifies
the base address of the applet. The directory in
which the applet is located.
DOWNLOAD=n--Specifies an
order in which images are downloaded.
HIGHT="..."--Specifies
the height of the applet in number of pixels or %
of screen.
HSPACE="n"--Specifies
the left and right margins of the outside of the
applet in pixels.
NAME="..."--Specifies
the name of the applet instance, in case there
are more than one of the same applet on the page.
VSPACE="n"--Specifies
the top and bottom margin for the outside of the
applet.
WIDTH="..."--Specifies
the width of the applet either in pixel or in a
percentage of the screen.
Parameters:
These are the applet-specific parameters
that are passed as arguments to the
program. They are specified as tags
within the APPLET tag as follows: <PARAM
NAME="..."
VALUE="..." >
<EMBED attribute1
attribute2>< /EMBED>
Inserts an embedded multimedia object, such as a sound
file or video, into the page. In the future, when the
OBJECT tag becomes finalized and well supported, this tag
will be obsolete.
Attributes:
AUTOSTART="..."--Specifies
whether the file starts playing right away or
not. Possible values are "TRUE" or
"FALSE".
HIGHT="..."--Specifies
the height of the display in number of pixels or
% of screen.
LOOP="..."--Specifies
whether the file repeats or not. Possible values
are "TRUE" or "FALSE".
NAME="..."--Specifies
the name of the object, in case there are other
objects that refer to this one.
SRC="..."--Specifies
the location of the object file.
WIDTH="..."--Specifies
the width of the display either in pixel or in a
percentage of the screen.
<SCRIPT
attribute> ...script statements... <
/SCRIPT>
Encloses scripting language statements to be executed by
the browser. To ensure backward compatibility, enclose
the script statements in comment tags (<!-- ...
-->)
Attributes:
LANGUAGE="..."--Specifies
which language is being used in the script such
as "VBScript" or
"JavaScript".
SRC="..."--Specifies
the location of a file containing the script.
This can be used if you don't want the code to be
on the same HTML file.
<NOSCRIPT> ... <
/NOSCRIPT>
Encloses anything you want displayed by browsers that do
not support inline scripts. These go inside the SCRIPT
tags.
Links:
<A
attribute="...">...< /A>
When used with the HREF attribute, the enclosed text
and/or graphic becomes a link to another document or
anchor. When used with the NAME attribute, the enclosed
text and/or graphic becomes an anchor.
Attributes:
HREF="..."--Specifies
the URL of the document to be linked to.
NAME="..."--Specifies
the name of the anchor you are creating.
onClick="--Specifies a
script to be activated when the mouse is clicked.
onMouseOver="--Specifies
a script to be activated when the mouse is moved
over the link.
REL="..."--Specifies
a relative relationship.
REV="..."--Specifies
the reverse relationship.
TARGET="..."--Specifies
which window the link will be loaded into. The
target can be a name of a frame that you
specified in the FRAME tag or one of the
following:
Values:
"_blank"--Loads
the link into a new blank window.
"_parent"--Loads
the link into the immediate parent of the
document the link is in.
"_self"--Loads
the link into the same window. (default)
"_top"--Loads
the link into the full body of the
current window.
TITLE="..."--Specifies
the title that appears when the link is selected,
but not yet clicked.
Lists:
<LI attribute>
Used to mark text as a list item in any of the following
list types: <DIR>, <MENU>, <OL>, or <UL>.
Attributes:
TYPE="..."--Specifies
the type of bullet used to label the item.
Possible values are: DISC, CIRCLE, SQUARE, A, a,
I, i, 1.
VALUE="..."--Specifies
the number assigned to the item
<DIR>...<
/DIR>
Puts the enclosed items marked with <LI>, in a directory listing.
<MENU>...<
/MENU>
Puts the enclosed items marked with <LI>, in a menu list.
<OL
attribute>...< /OL>
Puts the enclosed items marked with <LI>, in a numbered list.
Attributes:
TYPE="..."--Specifies
the type of numbering used to label the item.
Possible values are: A, a, I, i, 1.
START="..."--Specifies
the starting value for the numbering.
<UL
attribute>...< /UL>
Puts the enclosed items marked with <LI>, in a bulleted list.
Attributes:
TYPE="..."--Specifies
the type of bullet used to label the item.
Possible values are: DISC, CIRCLE, SQUARE.
<DL>...< /DL>
Creates a definition list. Within this container, <DT> specifies a definition term and <DD> specifies the definition.
Frames:
<FRAMESET
attribute1="..."
attribute2="...">...< /FRAMESET>
Defines a set of frames that will make up the page. The
FRAME, and NOFRAMES tags go inside this. The FRAMESET tag
is used instead of the BODY tag. You can, however,
include a BODY tag inside the NOFRAMES tags for browsers
that do not support frames.
Attributes:
BORDER="..."--Specifies
the width (in pixels) of the border drawn around
the frames.(Netscape)
COLS="..."--Creates
the frames as columns and specifies the width of
each column. Width of the columns can be set
using percentages (%), pixels, or relative size
(*). For example, if you want your frames to be 3
equally sized columns, you would use:
COLS=33%,33%,*
FRAMEBORDER="..."--Specifies
whether or not a 3-D border is displayed around
the frames. possible values are 0 (no border) or
1 (default).(IE)
FRAMESPACING="..."--Specifies
in pixels, the amount of space between the
frames.
ROWS="..."--Creates
the frames as rows and specifies the width of
each row. width of the rows can be set using
percentages (%), pixels, or relative size (*).
For example, if you want a small frame at the top
of your page and one large frame below that, you
might use: ROWS=15%,*
SCROLLING="..."--Determines
whether or not scroll bars are displayed on all
the frames. Possible values are "yes",
"no", and "auto".
<FRAME
attribute1="..." attribute2="...">
Defines a single frame within a frameset.
Attributes:
BORDER="..."--Specifies
the width (in pixels) of the border drawn around
the frame.(Netscape)
FRAMEBORDER="..."--Specifies
whether or not a 3-D border is displayed around
the frame. possible values are 0 (no border) or 1
(default).(IE)
MARGINHEIGHT="..."--Specifies
the top and bottom margins of the frame in
pixels.
MARGINWIDTH="..."--Specifies
the right and left margins of the frame in
pixels.
NAME="..."--Defines
a target name for the frame.
NORESIZE--Prevents the
frame from being resized by the user
SCROLLING="..."--Determines
whether or not scroll bars are displayed along
the frame. Possible values are "yes",
"no", and "auto".
SRC="..."--Specifies
the source file for the frame.
<IFRAME
attribute1="..."
attribute2="...">< /IFRAME> (IE)
Defines a floating frame. Does not need to be placed
within a FRAMESET.
Attributes:
ALIGN="..."--Specifies
the alignment of the floating frame and
surrounding text. Possible values are TOP,
MIDDLE, BOTTOM, LEFT, and RIGHT.
FRAMEBORDER="..."--Specifies
whether or not a 3-D border is displayed around
the frame. possible values are 0 (no border) or 1
(default)
HEIGHT="..."--Specifies
the height of the floating frame.
MARGINHEIGHT="..."--Specifies
the top and bottom margins of the floating frame
in pixels.
MARGINWIDTH="..."--Specifies
the right and left margins of the floating frame
in pixels.
NAME="..."--Defines
a target name for the floating frame.
NORESIZE--Prevents the
frame from being resized by the user
SCROLLING="..."--Determines
whether or not scroll bars are displayed along
the frame. Possible values are "yes"
and "no".
SRC="..."--Specifies
the source file for the floating frame.
WIDTH="..."--Specifies
the width of the floating frame.
<NOFRAMES>...<
/NOFRAMES>
Placed inside the FRAMESET, anything between the
beginning and ending of this tag is viewable only by
browsers that do not support frames. This tag is used to
create pages that are compatible with older browsers that
do not support frames.
Tables:
<TABLE
attribute1="..."
attribute2="...">...< /TABLE>
Creates a table that can include any number of rows.
Attributes:
BORDER="..."--Specifies
the width of the border around the table. If set
to 0, there will be no border.
BACKGROUND="..."--Specifies
the address of an image to be tiled as
background.(IE)
BGCOLOR="..."--Specifies
the background color of the table.
BORDERCOLOR="..."--Specifies
the border color of the table.
BORDERCOLORLIGHT="..."--Specifies
the lighter color used in creating the 3D borders
independently.(IE)
BORDERCOLORDARK="..."--Specifies
the darker color used in creating the 3D borders
independently.(IE)
WIDTH="..."--Specifies
the width of the table on the page.
CELLSPACING="..."--Specifies
the amount of space between the cells in the
table.
CELLPADDING="..."--Specifies
the amount of space between the edges of the cell
and the text inside.
FRAME="..."--Specifies
which sides of the outer border of the table are
displayed.(IE)
Possible types:
VOID--No outside
borders are displayed.
ABOVE--Displays a
border on the top side of the table.
BELOW--Displays a
border on the bottom side of the table.
HSIDES--Displays
the top and bottom borders of the table.
LHS--Displays the
left-hand side border.
RHS--Displays the
right-hand side border.
VSIDES--Displays
the right and left side borders.
BOX--Displays a
border on all sides of the table.
BORDER--Displays a
border on all sides of the table.
HEIGHT="..."--Specifies
the height of the table on the page.
RULES="..."--Specifies
which inner borders of the table are
displayed.(IE)
Possible types:
NONE--No inside
borders are displayed.
GROUPS--Displays
inner borders between the various table
groups such as THEAD, TFOOT, TBODY, and
COLGROUP groups.
ROWS--Displays
inner borders between the table rows.
COLS--Displays
inner borders between the table columns.
ALL--Displays inner
borders between all rows and columns.
<CAPTION
attribute1="...">...< /CAPTION>
Specifies the caption of the table.
Attributes:
ALIGN="..."--Specifies
the position of the caption. Possible values are
LEFT, RIGHT, BOTTOM, or TOP.
<TR
attribute1="..."
attribute2="...">...< /TR>
Specifies a table row. It can enclose the table heading
and table data.
Attributes:
ALIGN="..."--Specifies
the horizontal alignment of the row contents.
Possible values are LEFT, RIGHT, and CENTER.
BGCOLOR="..."--Specifies
the background color for the row.
BORDERCOLOR="..."--Specifies
the border color of the row.
BORDERCOLORLIGHT="..."--Specifies
the lighter color used in creating the 3D borders
independently.(IE)
BORDERCOLORDARK="..."--Specifies
the darker color used in creating the 3D borders
independently.(IE)
VALIGN="..."--Specifies
the vertical alignment of the row contents.
Possible values are TOP, MIDDLE, BOTTOM, and
BASELINE.
HEIGHT="..."--Specifies
the height of the cell.
<TH
attribute1="..."
attribute2="...">...< /TH>
Makes the cell a table heading.
Attributes:
ALIGN="..."--Specifies
the horizontal alignment of the cell contents.
Possible values are LEFT, RIGHT, and CENTER.
NOWRAP--Prevents word
wrapping within the cell
BGCOLOR="..."--Specifies
the background color for the cell.
BACKGROUND="..."--Specifies
the address of an image to be tiled as
background.(IE)
BORDERCOLOR="..."--Specifies
the border color of the cell.
BORDERCOLORLIGHT="..."--Specifies
the lighter color used in creating the 3D borders
independently.(IE)
BORDERCOLORDARK="..."--Specifies
the darker color used in creating the 3D borders
independently.(IE)
VALIGN="..."--Specifies
the vertical alignment of the cell contents.
Possible values are TOP, MIDDLE, BOTTOM, and
BASELINE.
ROWSPAN="..."--Specifies
the number of rows the cell will span.
COLSPAN="..."--Specifies
the number of columns the cell will span.
WIDTH="..."--Specifies
the width of the cell.
HEIGHT="..."--Specifies
the height of the cell.
<TD
attribute1="..." attribute2="...">
These go inside the TR tags and they define the data in a
cell. End tag may be used.
Attributes:
BACKGROUND="..."--Specifies
the address of an image to be tiled as
background. (IE)
BGCOLOR="..."--Specifies
the background color for the individual cell.
BORDERCOLOR="..."--Specifies
the border color of the cell.
BORDERCOLORLIGHT="..."--Specifies
the lighter color used in creating the 3D borders
independently.(IE)
BORDERCOLORDARK="..."--Specifies
the darker color used in creating the 3D borders
independently.(IE)
ALIGN="..."--Specifies
the horizontal alignment of the cell contents.
Possible values are LEFT, RIGHT, and CENTER.
NOWRAP--Prevents word
wrapping within the cell
VALIGN="..."--Specifies
the vertical alignment of the cell contents.
Possible values are TOP, MIDDLE, BOTTOM, and
BASELINE.
ROWSPAN="..."--Specifies
the number of rows the cell will span.
COLSPAN="..."--Specifies
the number of columns the cell will span.
WIDTH="..."--Specifies
the width of the cell.
HEIGHT="..."--Specifies
the height of the cell.
<COLGROUP
attribute1="..." attribute2="...">(IE)
Specifies the properties of one or more columns. This tag
generally goes right after the opening TABLE tag.
Attributes:
ALIGN="..."--Specifies
the position of the text within the cells of the
Columns. Possible values are CENTER, LEFT, RIGHT,
BOTTOM, or TOP.
SPAN="..."--Specifies
the number of columns for which these attributes
will apply.
<COL
attribute1="..." attribute2="...">(IE)
Used with the COLGROUP tag, this specifies the properties
of one column. This tag overrides any attributes
specified in the COLGROUP tag that comes right before it.
Attributes:
ALIGN="..."--Specifies
the position of the text within the cells of the
Column. Possible values are CENTER, LEFT, RIGHT,
BOTTOM, or TOP.
SPAN="..."--Specifies
the number of columns for which these attributes
will apply.
<TBODY>...<
/TBODY>(IE)
Encloses the body of your table. This tag is optional
unless you are using the THEAD or TFOOT tags. It used to
separate the rows in the table from those in the header
or footer.
<TFOOT>...<
/TFOOT>(IE)
Encloses the table rows that are to be used as a footer.
It is an optional tag and comes right after the ending
TBODY element.
<THEAD>...<
/THEAD>(IE)
Encloses the table rows that are to be used as a header.
It is an optional tag and comes before the opening TBODY
element.
Forms:
<FORM
attribute1="..."
attribute2="...">.....< /FORM>
Specifies a form. Forms can be used to send user input to
the server in the form of NAME/VALUE pairs.
Attributes:
ACTION="..."--Specifies
the address to be used in carrying out the action
of the form. Usually the address of the CGI file.
You can also specify a mailto address to have the
contents of the form emailed to you instead of
getting passed to the server. (in future
browsers)
METHOD="..."--Specifies
the method used by the server in sending the form
information. Possible values are POST or GET.
When GET is used, the server simply appends the
arguments to the end of the action address. With
POST, the information is sent as an HTTP post
transaction.
TARGET="..."--Specifies
which window the result of the form will be
loaded into. The target can be a name of a frame
that you specified in the FRAME tag or one of the
following:
Values:
"_blank"--Loads
the result into a new blank window.
"_parent"--Loads
the result into the immediate parent of
the document the form is in.
"_self"--Loads
the result into the same window.
(default)
"_top"--Loads
the result into the full body of the
current window.
ENCTYPE="..."--For
future browser. Specifies the type of encoding to
use on the form information.
<INPUT
attribute1="..." attribute2="...">
Specifies a control or input area for a form, from which
a NAME/VALUE pair will be returned to the server.
Attributes:
ALIGN="..."--If
the TYPE is IMAGE, then this specifies the
alignment of the surrounding text with the image.
Possible values are TOP, MIDDLE, BOTTOM, LEFT, or
RIGHT.
CHECKED--Use this attribute
in a RADIO or CHECKBOX type, and it will be
pre-selected when the form loads.
MAXLENGTH="..."--Specifies
the maximum number of characters that can be
entered in a text input.
NAME="..."--Specifies
the name of the control or input area. (Part of
the NAME/VALUE pair)
SIZE="..."--Specifies
the size of the text entry area that is displayed
by the browser.
SRC="..."--If the
TYPE is IMAGE, then this specifies the address of
the image to be used.
VALUE="..."--Specifies
the value to be submitted along with the
corresponding name(Part of the NAME/VALUE pair).
Specifies the default text string for TEXT. For
RESET and SUBMIT, this specifies the text string
to be displayed on the 3-D button.
TYPE="..."--Specifies
the type of control being used.
Possible types:
CHECKBOX--Creates a
checkbox. If the user checks it, the
corresponding name/value pair is sent to
the server.
HIDDEN--Nothing is
displayed by the browser, but the
information is still sent to the server.
IMAGE--Like the
SUBMIT type, you can have the form sent
immediately when the user clicks on an
image. Along with the normal information,
when a from is submitted by clicking on
an image, the coordinates of the clicked
point (measured in pixels from the
upper-left corner of the image) are also
sent. The x-coordinate is submitted with
a ".x" appended to the name and
the y-coordinate has a ".y"
appended to the name.
PASSWORD--Creates a
single line entry text box just like the
TEXT type, however, user input is not
echoed on the screen.
RADIO--Creates a
radio list of alternatives of which only
one can be selected. Each alternative
must have the same name, but different
values can be assigned to each.
RESET--Creates a
3-D button that clears the entire form to
original values when clicked. You can
give the button a name by using the VALUE
attribute.
SUBMIT--Creates a
3-D button that submits the form when
clicked. You can give the button a name
by using the VALUE attribute.
TEXT--Creates a
single line text entry box. You can
specify the size of the text box by using
the SIZE attribute.
<SELECT
attribute1="..."
attribute2="...">< /SELECT>
Creates a drop-down list of items. The list items are
defined by the OPTION tags placed inside the opening and
closing SELECT tag.
Attributes:
MULTIPLE--Specifies that
multiple items may be selected.
NAME="..."--Specifies
the name of the list(Part of the NAME/VALUE
pair).
SIZE="..."--Specifies
how many items should be visible.
<OPTION
value="...">item
Specifies an item in the drop down list. Placed
within the opening and closing SELECT tags. Any
text following the OPTION tag is what the user
will see in the list.
VALUE="..."--Specifies
the value to be returned (Part of the
NAME/VALUE pair).
SELECTED--This item
will already be highlighted when the page
loads.
<TEXTAREA
attribute1="..."
attribute2="...">...< /TEXTAREA>
Creates a multi-lined text entry box. Any text placed in
between the tags is used as the default text string that
is displayed when the page is loaded.
Attributes:
COLS="..."--Specifies
how wide the text box will be.
ROWS="..."--Specifies
how high the text box will be.
NAME="..."--Specifies
the name of the text box for use by the program
that is processing the form.
WRAP="..."--Specifies
how text will wrap. Possible values are
"HARD", "SOFT", or
"NONE".
Style Sheets:
Style Sheets are a new way to
easily and effectively customize web pages in ways that
were not possible before. You will be able to specify
margins, indents, font faces, and other features to gain
control over the exact presentation of your document.
Style Sheet, as designed by the World Wide Web
Consortium, are new to HTML and so far only supported be
Microsoft's Internet Explorer 3.0. However, Netscape and
other browsers will definitely support these new elements
in future releases so it is a good idea to get started on
using Style Sheets now.
There are three ways to add style to your documents:
Linking to a style sheet, Adding a style block, or using
inline style attributes. In fact, you can use all three
if you like. If there is a conflict, the browser will use
the most recent style definitions for that occurrence.
Linking to a Style Sheet
You can create a separate text file with a .css file
extension and place all your style definitions (explained
below) in that file. Then, using the LINK tag, you can
link the style definitions to your current document.
Using this method, you can have one style sheet for the
entire site that is linked to each page. That way you can
alter the look of all your documents be simply editing
the .css file. See syntax below.
Inside the HEAD tag, add something like this:
<LINK REL=STYLESHEET HREF="URL of style
sheet" TYPE="text/css" >
Your Style Sheet might contain something like this:
H1 {font-size: 20pt; font-weight: bold}
H2 {font-size: 16pt; font-weight: bold}
P {margin-left: -20px; margin-right: -20px; margin-top:
30px}
BODY {background:
URL(http://my.server.com/pictures/back.gif); text-indent:
2cm}
Adding a Style Block
To set the style for an entire page, you can place all
the style definitions (explained below) inside the <STYLE>.....<
/STYLE> tag. This tag
goes inside the HEAD of your document. Make sure to
enclose the definitions within comment tags so that older
browsers do not display them. See example below.
Inline Style Attributes
If you simply want to change the style of a particular
section of your document, you can do so with the STYLE
attribute. You can place this new attribute inside just
about any HTML tag, and the style definitions will be in
effect until the closing of that tag. Below are some
examples.
To change the color and indent of a certain paragraph,
you could do the following:
<P STYLE="margin-left: 1in; margin-right: 1in;
color: #0000FF">
This text would be indented and blue.
< /P>
To change the style for an entire portion of your
document, you might do the following:
<DIV STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right:
0.5in; font-family: Arial">
This whole division of the page will be indented and any
text will be displayed in the Arial font.
< /DIV>
Style Definitions
All three methods of adding style to a document use the
same syntax for style definitions. Except for inline
attributes, a style definition consists of a tag followed
by a list of specifications enclosed in curly braces. You
can define styles for any tag in HTML. Once you have
specified styles for a certain tag, every time the tag is
used, the styling will be in effect. Below is a list of
all the style definitions and their possible values.
background -- Specifies
a background color or image.
Values: URL|RGB
triplet
Example: BODY {background:
#FFFFFF}
color -- Specifies
the color of the text.
Values: RGB
triplet
Example: H4 {color:
#000000}
font-family -- Specifies
the typeface.
Values: typeface
name or list of names
Example: P {font-family:
Arial, Helvetica, "Courier
New"}
Grouping
Certain style definitions can be grouped together
in one statement. Instead of using three
statements to specify all three margins, you
could use the following:
P {margin: 20px 3cm 3cm}
The order is top, right, and left.
You can also group all the font statements
together like this:
A:active {font: bold italic 15pt/22pt Arial,
serif}
The weight and style must be specified first, and
the first number represents the size, while the
second number represents the line height.
Classes
You can also define more than one instance of a
tag. For example, say you wanted two H1 headings;
one that was red and one that was blue. You could
define the two tags like this:
H1.redh {color: #FF0000; font-size: 20pt}
H1.blueh{color: #0000FF; font-size:20pt}
Later you could use them like this:
<H1 CLASS=redh>This will be red< /H1>
<H1 CLASS=blueh>This will be blue<
/H1>
General Formatting:
<ADDRESS>.....<
/ADDRESS>
Encloses the signature file of the author of the page.
Text is displayed in italics.
<B>...< /B>
Boldfaces the enclosed text.
<BIG>...<
/BIG>
Makes the enclosed text one size larger.
<BLINK>.....<
/BLINK>
Makes the enclosed text blink continually.
<BLOCKQUOTE>.....<
/BLOCKQUOTE>
Encloses a long quote. Both the left and right margins
are indented.
<BR>
Inserts a line break.
Attributes:
CLEAR="..."--Causes
the text to stop flowing around any images.
Possible values are RIGHT, LEFT, or ALL.
<CENTER>.....<
/CENTER>
Centers the enclosed elements. This tag will center
everything including images, text, tables, forms, etc.
<CITE>.....<
/CITE>
Encloses a citation such as the title of a book or paper.
<CODE>.....<
/CODE>
Encloses a sample of code. The text is rendered in small
font.
<COMMENT>.....<
/COMMENT>
Encloses a comment. Text inside the tags is ignored
unless it contains HTML code.
<DFN>.....<
/DFN>
Encloses a definition. Text inside the tags is formatted
to look like a definition.
<DIV
ALIGN=">...< /DIV>
Specifies the alignment of the enclosed elements. Can be
used to divide a document into sections that are aligned
differently. In future browsers, more attributes will
probably be supported.
Attributes:
ALIGN="..."--Sets
the alignment of the division. Possible values
are "center", "right", or
"left".
<EM>...< /EM>
Emphasis on the enclosed text (Italics).
<FONT
attribute=">...< /FONT>
Sets the font properties for the enclosed text.
Attributes:
SIZE="..."--Sets
the size of the font to any number between 1 and
7 with 3 being default. relative sizes also work,
e.g. SIZE=+2 .
COLOR="..."--Specifies
the color of the font.
FACE="..."--Specifies
the face of the font. A list can be defined
(separated by commas) and the browser will use
the first one available on that computer.
<HR
attribute1="..." attribute2="...">
Inserts a horizontal line.
Attributes:
SIZE="..."--Specifies
the thickness of the line.
COLOR="..."--Specifies
the color of the line.(IE)
WIDTH="..."--Specifies
the length of the line as a percentage of the
screen. e.g. WIDTH=90% .
ALIGN="..."--Specifies
the alignment of the line: RIGHT, LEFT, or
CENTER.
NOSHADE--The line is drawn
solid.
<I>...< /I>
The enclosed text is italics.
<KBD>...<
/KBD>
Specifies text to be entered at the keyboard. Text is
rendered as bold and fixed-width.
<LISTING>.....<
/LISTING>
Displays text in fixed-width type. Obsolete -- use the
PRE tag instead.
<MULTICOL>.....<
/MULTICOL>
Displays text in columns.
Attributes:
COLS="..."--Specifies
the number of columns to use.
GUTTER="..."--Specifies
the number of pixels between each column.
WIDTH="..."--
Specifies the width of the columns as a whole.
<NOBR>.....<
/NOBR>
Causes the enclosed text to not wrap to fit the screen.
<P attribute>...<
/P>
Designates the enclosed text as a plain paragraph. The
end tag is optional.
Attributes:
ALIGN="..."--Specifies
the alignment for the paragraph. Possible values
are "center", "left", or
"right".
<PLAINTEXT>.....<
/PLAINTEXT>
Displays text in fixed-width type without processing most
HTML tags. Obsolete -- use the PRE tag instead.
<PRE>.....<
/PRE>
Displays text in fixed-width type without collapsing
spaces.
<S>.....< /S>
Displays text with a line through it. The <STRIKE> tag does exactly the same.
<SAMP>...<
/SAMP>
Indicates sample output from a form or program. Text is
rendered in small font.
<SMALL>...<
/SMALL>
Makes the enclosed text one size smaller.
<SPACER
attribute>...< /SPACER>(Netscape)
Inserts blocks of spaces into HTML documents.
Attributes:
ALIGN="..."--When
TYPE=BLOCK, this specifies the alignment of the
surrounding text.
Values:
RIGHT or
LEFT--Aligns the block of space to the
specified side of the page, and all text
is wrapped around the block.
TOP, MIDDLE,
BOTTOM, TEXTTOP, ABSMIDDLE, BASELINE, and
ABSBOTTOM--Specifies the vertical
alignment of the block of space with
other items on the same line.
HEIGHT="..."--When
TYPE=BLOCK, this specifies the height of the
block.
SIZE="..."--When
TYPE=HORIZONTAL, or VERTICAL, this specifies the
size of the space.
TYPE="..."--Specifies
the type of space being inserted.
Values:
HORIZONTAL--Inserts
blank spaces between words.
VERTICAL--Inserts
spaces between two lines.
BLOCK--Inserts a
rectangular block of space, much like the
IMG tag.
WIDTH="..."--When
TYPE=BLOCK, this specifies the width of the
block.
<STRONG>...<
/STRONG>
Stronger emphasis on the enclosed text (bold).
<SUB>...<
/SUB>
Renders the enclosed text in subscript.
<SUP>...<
/SUP>
Renders the enclosed text in superscript.
<TT>...< /TT>
The enclosed text is typewriter font.
<U>...< /U>
The enclosed text in underlined. Try to avoid this since
underlined text usually indicates a link.
<VAR>...<
/VAR>
Specifies a variable. Text is rendered in small
fixed-width type.
<WBR>
Causes text enclosed by the NOBR tags to wrap only if
necessary.
<XMP>...<
/XMP>
Causes enclosed text to be displayed by the browser
without processing most HTML tags. Obsolete -- use the
PRE tag instead.
